Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Heart and Spleen / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Autism spectrum disorder （ASD） is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood， whereas there is no specific medicine at present. There are more and more researches on the treatment of ASD with traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） which the curative effect is reliable. The heart and spleen are the main viscera for the treatment of ASD， but there is still a lack of in-depth analysis of the mechanism of TCM. In order to explore the relationship between the core symptoms of ASD and the heart and spleen， this article specifically explores the theoretical origins of the heart and the spleen in the formation of the core symptoms of ASD， and to clarify the role of the heart and spleen in the occurrence and development of the two core symptoms of ASD from the perspective of TCM. In view of social communication and communication obstacles， the author puts forward and explains the language problems of children with ASD based on the functions of the heart and spleen， the theory of the viscera， the ascription of the meridians， and the classics. The mechanism of the heart and spleen in TCM about the failure of the spleen， the loss of the heart， and the endogenous phlegm. Aiming at the mechanism of the stereotyped symptoms of abnormal behaviors in children with ASD， this paper proposes and explains the TCM mechanism of constant deficiency of the spleen and dereliction of duty， leading to loss of mind， heart and spleen injury， and finally a series of stereotypes and strange syndromes due to lack of spirit. Through the analysis and excavation of TCM theory， it explores theoretical basis for ASD from the theory of heart and spleen， with a view to preliminarily constructing the theoretical framework of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of the deficiency of both the heart and spleen， and provide theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of ASD. The treatment of ASD from the differentiation of symptoms and signs of the heart and spleen is supported by a strong theoretical basis of TCM， and the rationale， law and prescriptions are complete， which may be the direction of screening effective TCM prescriptions for the treatment of ASD in the future.

Effect of Dredging Correcting Manipulation on Stunting in Children with cblC Methylmalonic Aciduria / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of Dredging Correcting Manipulation on cblC methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Methods:From October, 2017 to October, 2018, 72 children with cblC MMA combined with growth retardation were divided into control group (n = 36) and experimental group (n = 36) according to the consent of their parents. The control group accepted routine medicine, and the experimental group received Dredging Correcting Manipulation in addition. The Griffiths Development Scale-Chinese version (GDS-C) was used to evaluate the two groups before and after treatment. At the same time, body length, body mass and head circumference were measured. Results:Six cases in the control group and five cases in the experimental group were dropped out. There was no significant difference in the development quotients of GDS-C in gross movement, personal and social, hearing and speech, hand-eye coordination, operation and total quotient between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, all the development quotients increased in both groups (t > 6.110, P < 0.001), and the development quotients of GDS-C in gross movement, personal and social, hand-eye coordination and total quotient were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.154, P < 0.05), as well as the body length (t = 2.027, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Dredging Correcting Manipulation can promote the neuropsychological and physical development of children with cblC MMA combined with retardation.

Advance in Early Intervention of Intellectual Development Disorders (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Intellectual development disorders are a group of etiologically diverse conditions originating during the developmental period characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It is important to combine the personalized intervention with games and activities of daily living in community and family. Moreover, early intervention methods such as multi-sensory stimulation, activity observation training, goals-activity-motor enrichment are needed to improve their cognitive function; special education, intervention of behavioral, medicine and training of social skills, self-esteem and emotional quotient, to improve the outcome of children with intellectual development disorder.

Effect of baicalin on growth state of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model and its regulation on Ca MKⅡ and ERK1/2 / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of baicalin on the growth state of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model and its regulation on Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2.In the present study,a total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group,methylphenidate hydrochloride group,and low,medium,and high dose baicalin groups,with 8 rats in each group.Eight WKYrats were selected as a normal control group.The methylphenidate hydrochloride group(0.07 g·L~(-1))and the low(3.33 g·L~(-1)),medium(6.67 g·L~(-1)),and high dose(10 g·L~(-1))baicalin groups received corresponding drugs by gavage administration according to the body weight(0.015 m L·g~(-1)),while the normal group and the model group received the same volume of normal saline by gavage.Thegavage administration lasted for 4 weeks,twice a day.The body weight of the rats and the amount of remaining feed were weighed daily,and the growth state of the rats was statistically evaluated weekly.Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to prepare brain synaptosomes and an electron microscope was used to observe their structures.The Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein and mRNA expression levels were detected with Western blot and Real-time PCR methods,respectively.RESULTS: showed that baicalin did not affect the normal eating and weight gain of rats,and the weight gain of rats was even more significant than that in the normal group(P<0.05).In the study of its effects on Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein expression in rat synaptosomes,the expression of both proteins in each drug-administered group was higher than that in the model group(P<0.05);besides,the expression levels of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein were significantly increased in both baicalin high dose group and the methylphenidate hydrochloride group(P<0.05).The relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 mRNA in synaptosome was detected by PCR.The results showed that medium and high doses of baicalin and methylphenidate hydrochloride significantly increased the relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 mRNA in synaptosomes of SHR rats(P<0.05).In conclusion,baicalin does not affect the normal growth and development of SHR rats,so it is safe for administration.Both baicalin and methylphenidate hydrochloride could up-regulate the relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 in mRNA and protein,and the pharmacodynamic stability of baicalin is in a dose-dependent manner to certain extent.

Analysis of Applying Chinese Medical Clinical Pathway for Treating Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application effect of Chinese medical clinical pathway for treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to provide evidence for further improving clinical pathways.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 270 ADHD children patients were recruited and treated at pediatrics clinics of 9 cooperative hospitals from December 2011 to December 2012. The treatment course for all was 3 months. Scores of attention deficit and hyperactivity rating scale, scores of behavior, Conners index of hyperactivity (CIH), and Chinese medical syndrome scores were compared between before and after treatment. The efficacy difference in various sexes, ages, and disease courses were evaluated by judging standards for Chinese medical syndrome and ADHD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifteen children patients who entered clinical pathway dropped out, and the rest 255 completed this trial. Compared with before treatment, total scores of attention deficit and hyperactivity rating scale, scores of attention deficit and hyperactivity rating scale, CIH, and Chinese medical syndrome scores obviously decreased (all P < 0.01). The total effective rate in disease efficacy was 87.8% (224/255 cases), and the total effective rate in Chinese medical syndrome curative effect was 87.5% (223/255 cases). The clinical curative effect was not influenced by age, gender, or course of disease when statistically analyzed from judging standards for Chinese medical syndrome or for disease efficacy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intervention by Chinese medical clinical pathway could improve ADHD patients' symptoms, and its efficacy was not influenced by sex, age, or course of disease.</p>

Effects of Tan Ⅱ A on expressions of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the effects of Tan Ⅱ A on expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissues of neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).Methods The PVL models were established by means of bilateral general cervical artery ligation followed by 0.5 h 80 mL/L oxygen and 920 mL/L nitrogen mixture exposure in 2-day rats,and then these rats were randomly divided into the model control group,the lowdose group treated with Ta Ⅱ A at 7.5 mg/(kg · d) and the high-dose group treated with Ta Ⅱ A at 15.0 mgg/(kg · d),meanwhile the false operation group was established.The rats were killed 1 hour after administration on the third day,and the brain tissues pathological changes were detected by way of HE dyeing analysis.At the same time,the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in brain tissues were analyzed by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results HE staining showed that the cells around the lateral ventricle were disarranged,as white matter appeared sparse as cribriform and ischemic changed significantly in the rats of model control group.Compared with the model control group,the ischemia of brain tissue in the low-dose group improved.Ischemia of the high-dose Tan Ⅱ A group improved more significantly than the low-dose group.ELISA results showed that the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in the PVL rats were significantly higher than the false operation group (all P ＜ 0.01),both of which were statistically decreased in the high-dose and the low-dose Tan Ⅱ A groups (all P ＜ 0.05) ; and there was no significant difference between the lowdose group and the high-dose group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Tan Ⅱ A has the function of improving the state of ischemia and decreasing the expressions of IL-1 β and IL-6 in tissues of PVL rats,thus it can relieve cerebral white matter lesions of neonatal rats.

Clinical observation on plum-blossom needle on Governor Vessel and point Jiaji (EX-B 2) for treatment of cerebral palsy of involuntary movement / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into an effective therapy for treatment of cerebral palsy of involuntary movement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases were randomly divided into two groups, the control group was treated with routine rehabilitation method (Bobath + Tuina + scalp acupuncture), while the observation group was treated with plum-blossom needle on Governor Vessel and point Jiaji (EX-B 2) on the basis of routine rehabilitation method. After 3 months of treatment, therapeutic effect, total percentage of Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM), incurvation reflex and muscular tension fluctuation were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The obvious effective rate of 53.3% (16/30) in the observation group was superior to that of 20.0% (6/30) in the control group (P < 0.05); the total percentage of GMFM increased, incurvation reflex disappeared, muscular tension fluctuation relieved in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but the indices above all improved more significantly in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Plum-blossom needle on Governor Vessel and point Jiaji (EX-B 2) on the basis of routine rehabilitation method for treatment of cerebral palsy of involuntary movement can enhance the gross motor function, make the incurvation reflex disappear effectively, relieve the muscular tension fluctuation.</p>